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怎樣提高翻譯質量？

日期：2020-03-30 發布人：來源：閱讀量：

　　生活中對翻譯的需求越來越多，譯員做好翻譯一定要注重質量，那么怎樣提高翻譯質量?下面尚語翻譯公司給大家分享怎樣提高翻譯質量?

　　There are more and more demands for translation in our life. Translators must pay attention to the quality of translation, so how to improve the quality of translation? How to improve the quality of translation?

　　1、避免返工

　　1. Avoid rework

　　首先，盡量在第一遍就把翻譯做好。編輯和修改工作錯綜復雜、變化不定，而且非常耗時。所以，盡力像實時發布譯文一樣翻譯好每個詞語。推拖到“以后”的工作越少，編輯和校對過程中這些工作被忽略的機會就越小。

　　First, try to do the translation well on the first time. Editing and revision are complex, variable and time-consuming. So try to translate every word as well as publish the translation in real time. The less work you push and drag to "later," the less chance it will be ignored during editing and proofreading.

　　2、列出危險詞匯

　　2. List dangerous words

　　哪些詞匯在譯文語言中容易被混淆。使用五筆時常常會把“運行”輸入成“支行”，這種詞雖然沒錯，但具有不同意思。列出自己“常犯錯誤”的清單，使用搜索命令查看是否用錯詞。

　　Which words are easily confused in the target language. When you use five strokes, you often enter "run" as "branch". Although this word is true, it has different meanings. Make a list of your "common mistakes" and use the search command to see if you use the wrong words.

　　3、運行拼寫和語法檢查程序

　　3. Run spelling and grammar checker

　　編輯校對文本前始終運行拼寫和語法檢查程序。但是，在檢查拼寫和語法之前，選擇整個文檔，將語言設置為譯文語言，確保檢查程序完全激活，提示信息應出現在工具菜單內。拼寫和語法檢查程序常被人嘲笑，它們有時檢查不出真正問題，卻對并不存在的問題提示一些可笑答案。然而，拼寫和語法檢查程序確實可找到大量值得注意的問題，并且提供的許多答案是完全正確的。盡管不能解決全部問題，但卻可節省大量工作。

　　Always run the spelling and grammar checker before editing proofed text. However, before checking spelling and grammar, select the entire document, set the language to the translation language, make sure the checker is fully activated, and the prompt should appear in the tool menu. Spelling and grammar checkers are often ridiculed. They sometimes fail to check for real problems, but give funny answers to problems that don't exist. However, the spelling and grammar checker does find a large number of noteworthy questions, and many of the answers provided are completely correct. Although not all problems can be solved, a lot of work can be saved.

　　4、注意同源詞、錯別字和其他

　　4. Pay attention to cognates, typos and others

　　如果翻譯涉及的兩種語言有同源詞，則可能已被警告假同源詞，這些具有不同意義但詞匯相同或極其相似的語言對，即假朋友，

　　If the two languages involved in the translation have cognates, they may have been warned of false cognates, which have different meanings but have the same or very similar vocabulary, i.e. false friends,

　　5、小心形容詞和副詞譯錯

　　5. Careful translation of adjectives and adverbs

　　準確是一種倍受贊賞的翻譯美德，但我們經常注意名詞和動詞的準確，然而準確卻時常寓于形容詞和副詞之中。形容詞和副詞是典型的“微妙變化詞匯”，這種微不足道的詞匯對我們的思想起著微調作用。多年前，一家巴西出版社委托一個當地大學教授翻譯一本科普書。可能因為譯員不喜歡所讀的內容，也可能是其他原因，反正，盡管把名詞和動詞翻譯得正確無誤，但總把形容詞和副詞譯錯。極富創造力的研究僅僅譯成有趣的研究，明顯錯誤譯成可能錯誤，諸如此類的錯誤很多。“技術術語”全是名詞或動詞，翻譯得非常準確，出版社對之非常滿意，但是譯文質量卻非常糟糕。

　　Accuracy is a highly appreciated translation virtue, but we often pay attention to the accuracy of nouns and verbs, but accuracy is often contained in adjectives and adverbs. Adjectives and adverbs are typical "subtle change words", which play a fine-tuning role in our thinking. Many years ago, a Brazilian Publishing House commissioned a professor from a local university to translate a popular science book. It may be because the translator doesn't like what he reads, or it may be for other reasons. Anyway, although the translation of nouns and verbs is correct, the translation of adjectives and adverbs is always wrong. Creative research is only translated into interesting research, obviously wrong translation may be wrong, and so on. "Technical terms" are all nouns or verbs. They are translated very accurately. The publishing house is very satisfied with them, but the quality of the translation is very poor.

　　6、避免入介詞陷阱

　　6. Avoid the preposition trap

　　有趣的是，大量譯員仍然會陷入介詞陷阱。大部分介詞不會獨立存在，它們需要由動詞或名詞來搭配。

　　Interestingly, a large number of translators still fall into the preposition trap. Most prepositions do not exist independently. They need to be matched by verbs or nouns.

　　7、注意眉、頁腳、圖形和文本框格式

　　7. Pay attention to header, footer, graphic and text box formats

　　我們翻譯時常常會直奔正文，忽視頁眉和頁腳，這里常常隱藏嚴重的錯誤。如果原文文本為MS Word文檔，請注意有些圖形在打印預覽方式時才會顯示，而且不要忘記尋找有無文本框。因為我們確實沒有這樣做，最近就與一家翻譯機構陷入極其尷尬的困境，文檔有兩個微小的文本框，總共不到十個字。但這恰恰是關鍵字，最終客戶最先注意的就是這幾個字。

　　When we translate, we often go straight to the text, ignoring the header and footer, where serious mistakes are often hidden. If the original text is an MS Word document, please note that some graphics will only be displayed in print preview mode, and do not forget to look for a text box. Because we didn't do this, we recently fell into an extremely awkward situation with a translation agency. The document has two tiny text boxes, less than ten words in total. But this is exactly the key words, which are the first words that end customers pay attention to.

　　8、遵守譯文語言印刷規則和標點符號規則

　　8. Abide by the printing rules and punctuation rules of the target language

　　不同的語言有不同的排版和標點符號慣例，翻譯時應遵守譯文的語言用法。我們譯員當中有太多的人忘記這點，將原文語言的規則強加到譯文語言的文本上。例如，我們常常會看到巴西葡萄牙語譯文按照英語規則將某些詞匯大寫了，漢語譯文按照英語規則將某些詞匯處理為斜體字,甚至有些英語譯文中存在中文標點符號和項目編號。許多譯員要么輸入時粗心大意，要么從不學習如何使用計算機輸入文本。例如，我們常常發現這樣的翻譯：文本詞匯之間存在多余空格，逗號前出現空格，英文句點后沒有空格，中文句號后加了空格，制表使用不當等等。這種文本不僅給編輯、排版和校對造成不必要的困難，而且還會給客戶留下粗心印象，這對我們的形象極其不利。不要說這不屬于你的工作：我們應努力做好自己的翻譯，從而使編輯員和校對員不必再修改譯文，雖然這是不可能的，但始終應努力這樣做。以上并非說你應成為一個排版員。事實上，我們與排版人員都承認一種人人皆知的說法：排版人員不翻譯，翻譯人員不排版。上面所說只是指，我們的工作應符合幾項“排版衛生”基本規則。

　　Different languages have different conventions of typesetting and punctuation. When translating, we should abide by the language usage of the translation. Too many of us translators forget this and impose the rules of the original language on the text of the target language. For example, we often see that Brazilian Portuguese translation capitalizes some words according to English rules, Chinese translation processes some words into italics according to English rules, and even some English translations contain Chinese punctuation marks and item numbers. Many translators either input carelessly or never learn how to use computers to input text. For example, we often find that there are redundant spaces between text words, spaces before commas, no spaces after English periods, spaces after Chinese periods, improper tabulation, etc. This kind of text not only causes unnecessary difficulties for editing, typesetting and proofreading, but also leaves a careless impression on customers, which is extremely unfavorable to our image. Don't say it's not your job: we should try our best to do our own translation, so that editors and proofreaders don't have to modify the translation. Although it's impossible, we should always try our best to do so. That's not to say you should be a typesetter. As a matter of fact, we and the typesetters all agree that the typesetters do not translate and the translators do not typeset. The above only means that our work should conform to several basic rules of "typesetting sanitation".

　　9、切勿使用“全部替換”命令

　　9. Do not use the replace all command

　　這是所有命令當中最致命的命令。雖然我們知道操作的替換可以撤銷，但我們也知道，通常你只有在應用全部替換半小時并進行了100處其他文本修改后才發現錯誤，這時再控制糾正已太遲了。

　　This is the deadliest of all orders. Although we know that the replacement of the operation can be undone, we also know that usually you find the error only half an hour after applying all the replacement and making 100 other text modifications. At this time, it is too late to control and correct.

　　10、不要讓拔河比賽損害你的譯文

　　10. Don't let tug of war damage your translation

　　翻譯過程中，原文語言和譯文語言就像在進行拔河比賽，不斷產生拉力，根據我們處理的程度，可能使我們的譯文豐富多彩，也可能使我們的譯文不堪一讀。

　　In the process of translation, the original language and the target language are like tug of war, which constantly generate tension. According to the degree of our handling, it may make our translation colorful, or make our translation unreadable.

　　11、避免“勝者為原文語言”

　　11. Avoid "the winner is the original language"

　　原文語言占上風時，就會出現翻譯腔作品，從中能夠容易看到原文“復印效應”。有時，文字沒有任何語法錯誤，但卻能夠看出，文字并不地道。雖然正確，但讀起來別扭。因為不可能引用語法規則檢驗是否文本需要修改，這使得編輯員的工作更加困難，出現導致譯員與編輯員之間不斷相互攻擊的情況。許多翻譯案例中，如有一位不懂譯文語言詞匯的項目經理參與時，會使情況變得更糟糕。確定翻譯是否自然的一種優秀方法是朗讀譯文，但不幸的是我們根本沒有時間去朗讀。然而，你應對每個稿件朗讀一段試試，確保翻譯行文流暢。請不要說你在翻譯技術資料，不需要閱讀起來自然流暢的譯文。除可能存在的零件目錄外，譯文語言中每種文本都應讀起來自然通順。

　　When the original language prevails, there will be translated works, from which we can easily see the "copy effect" of the original. Sometimes, there is no grammatical error in the text, but it can be seen that the text is not authentic. It's true, but it's awkward to read. Because it is impossible to use grammar rules to check whether the text needs to be modified, it makes the work of editors more difficult, which leads to constant attacks between translators and editors. In many translation cases, if there is a project manager who does not understand the translated language vocabulary, it will make the situation worse. An excellent way to determine whether translation is natural is to read the translation aloud, but unfortunately we don't have time to read it at all. However, you should try to read a paragraph from each manuscript to make sure the translation is fluent. Please don't say that you are translating technical materials. You don't need to read a natural and fluent translation. In addition to the possible parts catalogue, each text in the translated language should be read naturally and smoothly.

　　12、避免“譯者為譯文語言”

　　12. Avoid "translator for target language"

　　然而，自然風格不應以犧牲忠實原文為代價來實現。不對原文與譯文進行比較完成編輯工作時，常常導致這種情況。性急的編輯員常常會脫離原稿件修改譯文，就好比譯文語言在拔河比賽中獲勝。譯文語言獲勝時，我們得到的是法國稱為belle infidèle(美而不信)的結果，翻譯讀起來優美卻不忠實于原文。確定翻譯是否忠實于原文的唯一方法是對之進行比較(這是一種被不少心急的編輯員或企圖節省成本的翻譯機構忽視的工作)，當不需要對照原文復查譯文時，如果還有時間，請求編校人員只在需要時參考原文。即使譯文稍后會由他人編輯，大多數譯員仍然重視編輯自己的譯文，這是非常好的做法。這些譯員，有的喜歡分兩步編輯：先比較原文和譯文檢查忠實性，然后只讀譯文查看是否流暢。有的則喜歡按相反順序編輯：先檢查流暢性，再檢查忠實性。無論選擇哪種順序，都應堅持自我編校譯文，否則就算沒有完成工作。

　　However, natural style should not be achieved at the expense of faithfulness. This is often the case when editing without comparing the original text with the translation. The impatient editor often changes the translation from the original manuscript, just like the translation language wins the tug of war. When the target language wins, we get the result that France calls Belle infid è le. The translation reads beautiful but not faithful to the original. The only way to determine whether a translation is faithful to the original is to compare it (a work neglected by many anxious editors or translation agencies trying to save costs). When there is no need to review the translation against the original, if there is still time, ask the editors to refer to the original only when necessary. Even if the translation will be edited later, most translators still attach great importance to editing their own translation, which is a very good practice. Some of these translators like to edit in two steps: first, check the faithfulness of the original text and the translation, and then read only the translation to see if it is fluent. Some prefer to edit in reverse order: first check for fluency, then for fidelity. No matter which order you choose, you should stick to self editing translation, or you will not finish the work.

　　13、人工檢查你的譯文

　　13、 Check your translation manually

　　如果你的客戶是翻譯機構，那么很可能會有專門的譯審來檢查你的譯文。如果你的客戶是最終客戶，你應另尋他人來檢查你的譯文。即使你的譯作非常優秀，他們也會從中發現奇怪的錯誤，并將譯文改的面目全非。但請做好心理準備：編校眼里無佳譯。

　　If your client is a translation agency, there will probably be a special translation review to check your translation. If your client is the end client, you should find someone else to check your translation. Even if your translation is excellent, they will find strange mistakes in it and change it completely. But please be prepared: there is no good translation in editing and proofreading.

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